DEFSTAN 02-314/2(2001) : INTERIM

TITLE PAGE
SCOPE
FOREWORD
Sponsorship
Conditions of Release
Categories of Defence Standards
Related Documents
Health and Safety
Additional Information
CONTENTS
SECTION 1 - PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATION
            1.1 Environmental Conditions
            1.2 Air Purification
            1.3 Surface Warship System Design Considerations
                1.3.1 List of Consumers
                1.3.2 System Performance Targets
                1.3.3 Spread of Demand in Geographical
                      and Pressure Terms
            1.4 Submarine System Design Considerations
                1.4.1 General
                1.4.2 List of Consumers
                1.4.3 Main Blow System
                1.4.4 Emergency Blow System
                1.4.5 Torpedo Handling and Discharge
                1.4.6 Leakage
SECTION 2 - NATIONAL/INTERNATIONAL REGULATIONS
            2.1 Compressed Air System Design Disclosure
                and Safety Requirements
                2.1.1 Design Disclosure
                2.1.2 Pressure System Regulations and Written
                      Scheme of Examination
                2.1.3 Written Scheme of Examination
                2.1.4 Safety Management
            2.2 Documentation Requirements
                2.2.1 Pressure Vessel Register
                2.2.2 Written Scheme of Examination
                2.2.3 Design Disclosure
            3.1 Drawings
            3.2 HM Surface Ship System Design - Specification
                and Selection of System Components
                3.2.1 Mandatory Requirements Applicable to
                      all Air Systems
                3.2.2 Non-Mandatory Requirements Applicable
                      to all Air Systems
                3.2.3 Mandatory Requirements Applicable only to
                      High and Medium Pressure Air Systems
                3.2.4 Mandatory Requirements Applicable only to
                      High Pressure Air Systems
                3.2.5 Mandatory Requirements Applicable only to
                      Medium Pressure Air Systems
                3.2.6 Mandatory Requirements Applicable only to
                      Low Pressure Air Systems
                3.2.7 Schematic Diagrams
                3.2.8 Completion of System Detail Design
            3.3 Testing
                3.3.1 Common Requirements
                3.3.2 Shop Tests
                3.3.3 Shipboard Tests - Ships to Naval Standards
                3.3.4 Shipboard Installation Inspections
                      - Ships to Naval Standards
                3.3.5 Shipboard Pressure Tests - Ships to
                      Naval Standards
                3.3.6 Shipboard System Purge - Ships to
                      Naval Standards
                3.3.7 Shipboard Operational Tests - Ships to
                      Naval Standards
                3.3.8 Shop and Shipboard Testing - Ships to
                      Commercial Standards
                3.3.9 Statutory Test Requirements - Air
                      Cylinders/Receivers
            3.4 Lubrication
SECTION 4 - DESIGN REQUIREMENTS GUIDANCE
            4.1 Material Selection
                4.1.1 Pipes
                4.1.2 Valves
                4.1.3 Pipe Couplings
                4.1.4 Flexible Hoses
            4.2 HM Surface Ship System Design - Basic
                System Layout
                4.2.1 Availability
                4.2.2 Vulnerability
                4.2.3 Good Design Practice Applicable to
                      All Air Systems
                4.2.4 Good Design Practice Applicable only to
                      Low Pressure Air Systems
            4.3 HM Surface Ship System Design - Air Cylinders
                and Receivers and Air Storage Volume
                4.3.1 High Pressure Cylinders
                4.3.2 High Pressure General Storage
                4.3.3 High Pressure Dedicated Storage
                4.3.4 Assignment of Consumers to Types of Storage
                4.3.5 Medium Pressure Air Receivers
            4.4 HM Surface Ship System Design - Air
                Purification Requirements
                4.4.1 Purity of Air in High and Low Pressure
                      Systems
                4.4.2 Purity of Air Required by Consumers
                4.4.3 Particle Filters
                4.4.4 Additional Point of Use Filtration/Dryers
                4.4.5 Mandatory Requirements
                4.4.6 Rationalization of Air Purification
                      Equipment
            4.5 Pipe Sizing
                4.5.1 Frictional Loss
                4.5.2 Air Speed Noise and Erosion
                4.5.3 High Pressure System
                4.5.4 Low Pressure Systems
                4.5.5 Air Velocity Calculations
                4.5.6 Dimensions of Pipes
            4.6 Detailed System Design and Installation
                Requirements - HM Surface Ships and Submarines
                4.6.1 Compressor Air Intakes
                4.6.2 Minimization of the Effects of
                       Moisture -High Pressure Systems
                4.6.3 Minimization of the Effects of
                       Moisture - Low Pressure Systems
                4.6.4 Minimization of the Effects of Moisture
                       - General
                4.6.5 Other Pipework Requirements
                4.6.6 Pipe Connections
                4.6.7 Pipework Flexibility
                4.6.8 Pipework Support
                4.6.9 Pipework Insulation
                4.6.10 System Cleanliness
                4.6.11 Valves and Cocks
                4.6.12 Reducing Valves
                4.6.13 Reducing Panels and Reducing Stations
                4.6.14 Relief Valves
                4.6.15 Pressure Gauges
                4.6.16 Temperature Sensors
                4.6.17 Air Tool Connections
                4.6.18 Equipment and Component Installation
            4.7 Submarine Air System Design - General
                Requirements
                4.7.1 Air Storage Cylinders
                4.7.2 Special Arrangements
                4.7.3 Schematic Diagrams
                4.7.4 Completion of System Detail Design
                      Submarine System Design - Number and
                      Capacity of Compressors
                4.8.1 High Pressure Compressors
                4.8.2 Low Pressure Compressors
                4.8.3 Low Pressure Blower
            4.9 Submarine System Design - Compressor and
                System Pressures
                4.9.1 General
                4.9.2 High Pressure Distribution
                4.9.3 Medium and Low Pressure Distribution
                4.9.4 Low Pressure Blow System
            4.10 Submarine System Design - Air Purification
                 Requirements
                 4.10.1 Purity of Air in High Pressure Systems
                 4.10.2 Purity of Air in Low Pressure Systems
                 4.10.3 Purity of Air Required by Consumers
                 4.10.4 Emergency Breathing System
                 4.10.5 Hood Inflation System/Built in
                        Breathing System
            4.11 Submarine System Design - High Pressure Air
                 Cylinders and Storage Volume
                 4.11.1 High Pressure Cylinders
                 4.11.2 Determination of Sizes of Main Storage
                        Groups
                 4.11.3 Example
                 4.11.4 Determination of Sizing of Emergency
                        Blow Groups
                 4.11.5 Dedicated Storage
            4.12 Submarine System Design - Dynamic Behavior
                 - Emergency Blow System
SECTION 5 - CORPORATE KNOWLEDGE AND EXPERIENCE
            5.1 Contamination in Compressed Air Systems
                5.1.1 Sources of Contamination
                5.1.2 Effects of Contamination
                5.1.3 Minimization of Contamination
                5.1.4 Quality of Air Required for Systems
                5.1.5 Quality of Air Required by Consumers
                      Achievement of Air Purity
                5.2.1 Compressor Air Intake
                5.2.2 High Pressure Compressor Discharge
                      Air Processing Equipment
                      5.2.2.1 High Pressure Air System - With
                              Dryer
                      5.2.2.2 High Pressure Air System
                              - Without Dryer
                5.2.3 Medium and Low Pressure Compressor
                      Discharge Air Purification Equipment
                      5.2.3.1 Medium and Low Pressure Air
                              System - With Dryer
                      5.2.3.2 Medium and Low Pressure Air
                              System - Without Dryer
                5.2.4 Terminal Arrangements
                5.2.5 Breathing Air Supplies
                5.2.6 Aircraft Servicing
                5.2.7 Waveguide Conditioning
                5.2.8 Other Consumers
                5.2.9 Shore Supplies System
            5.3 HM Surface Ship System Design - Compressor
                Selection
                5.3.1 General Considerations
                5.3.2 Standard Range of Compressors
                5.3.3 Compressor Delivery Pressure
                5.3.4 Assessment of Number and Size of
                      Compressors
            5.4 Air Systems for Ships not Built to Full Naval
                Standards
                5.4.1 Design Philosophy
                5.4.2 Air Systems to be Provided
                5.4.3 Compressors and Filtration
                5.4.4 High Pressure Compressors
                5.4.5 General Service Medium Pressure
                       Compressors
                5.4.6 Control Air Compressor
                5.4.7 Storage Cylinders and Receivers
                       - Installation Requirements
                5.4.8 High Pressure Cylinders
                5.4.9 Medium Pressure Receivers
                5.4.10 Low Pressure Receivers
                5.4.11 High Pressure Air System Requirements
                5.4.12 Medium Pressure - General Service System
                5.4.13 Low Pressure System
                5.4.14 Control Air System
ANNEX A - RELATED DOCUMENTS
ANNEX B - ABBREVIATIONS AND DEFINITIONS
ANNEX C - PROCUREMENT CHECK LIST
ANNEX D - DATA AND CALCULATIONS
          D.1 Data
              D.1.1 Properties of Air
              D.1.2 Saturation Curves - Water in Air
              D.1.3 Leakage of Air
          D.2 Calculations
              D.2.1 Weight of Air in a Cylinder
              D.2.2 Change in Air Temperature during Increase
                    or Decrease of Pressure
              D.2.3 Sizing of High Pressure Air Storage
                    Cylinders
              D.2.5 Sizing of Low and Medium Pressure Air
                    Receivers
ANNEX E - COMPRESSED AIR IN HM SURFACE SHIPS AND SUBMARINES
          E.1 Compressed Air Systems and Equipment
               E.1.1 Metrication
               E.1.2 Standardization
               E.1.3 Cost Effective System Design
          E.2 Air Compressors
               E.2.1 High Pressure Compressor Output
               E.2.2 Low Pressure Compressor Output
               E.2.3 Compressor Availability
          E.3 Pressure Boosting
          E.4 Pressure Reduction
          E.5 Reducing Panels
          E.6 Reducing Stations
          E.7 Safety Devices for Pressure Reducing Equipment
          E.8 Reducing Panel/Station Configurations and
               Major Components
          E.9 Inlet and Stop Valves
          E.10 Inlet Filter
          E.11 Flow Limiters and Bypass Valves
          E.12 Reducer
          E.13 Safety Relief Valve/Auto Shut-Off Valve
          E.14 Pressure Gauges
          E.15 Fixings
          E.16 Distribution of Compressed Air
          E.17 Storage of High Pressure Air
          E.18 System Nomenclature
          E.19 System Component Standards
ANNEX F - COMPRESSED AIR IN SUBMARINES
          F.1 General
          F.2 High Pressure Air System - General
          F.3 Medium Pressure Compressed Air System
              (Auxiliary Vent and Blow) - General
          F.4 Low Pressure Blow System
          F.5 Escape Systems
              F.5.1 Hood Inflation System and Built in Breathing
                    System
              F.5.2 Hood Inflation System
              F.5.3 Built in Breathing System
              F.5.4 Emergency Breathing System
ANNEX G - SPECIAL SERVICE AIR
ANNEX H - TUNGUM PIPING - INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE
          H.1 Pipe Fabrication and Installation
          H.2 Use in Ammoniacal environments
          H.3 Painting Tungum Pipes
ANNEX I - HM SURFACE SHIP SYSTEM DESIGN - SYSTEM DYNAMIC
          BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS
          I.1 General
          I.2 Example of System Dynamic Behavior Analysis
ALPHABETICAL INDEX