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    AS 2519-1993

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    Guide to the technical evaluation of higher rank coal deposits (Reconfirmed 2013)

    Available format(s):  Hardcopy, PDF 1 User, PDF 3 Users, PDF 5 Users, PDF 9 Users

    Language(s):  English

    Published date:  13-06-1993

    Publisher:  Standards Australia

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    Table of Contents - (Show below) - (Hide below)

    1 - AS 2519-1993 GUIDE TO THE TECHNICAL EVALUATION OF HIGHER RANK COAL DEPOSITS
    4 - PREFACE
    5 - CONTENTS
    7 - FOREWORD
    8 - SECTION 1 SCOPE AND GENERAL
    8 - 1.1 SCOPE
    8 - 1.2 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
    8 - 1.3 DEFINITIONS
    9 - SECTION 2 STAGES OF PROSPECT EVALUATION
    9 - 2.1 GENERAL
    9 - 2.2 PRE-EXPLORATION STAGE
    9 - 2.2.1 General
    9 - 2.2.2 Objectives
    9 - 2.2.3 Method
    10 - 2.3 EXPLORATION STAGE 1- REGIONAL ASSESSMENT
    10 - 2.3.1 General
    10 - 2.3.2 Objectives
    10 - 2.3.3 Methods
    12 - 2.4 EXPLORATION STAGE 2- RESOURCE EVALUATION
    12 - 2.4.1 General
    12 - 2.4.2 Objectives
    12 - 2.4.3 Method
    12 - 2.5 EXPLORATION STAGE 3- MINE PLANNING
    12 - 2.5.1 General
    13 - 2.5.2 Objectives
    13 - 2.5.3 Method
    14 - 2.6 EXPLORATION STAGE 4- BULK SAMPLING OR TRIAL MINING
    14 - 2.6.1 General
    14 - 2.6.2 Objective
    14 - 2.6.3 Method
    14 - 2.7 ONGOING EVALUATION DURING MINING
    15 - SECTION 3 GEOPHYSICAL SURVEYS
    15 - 3.1 GENERAL
    15 - 3.2 SURFACE SURVEYS
    15 - 3.3 AIRBORNE SURVEYS
    15 - 3.3.1 Aeromagnetics
    15 - 3.3.2 Aeroradiometrics
    15 - 3.3.3 Electrometrics
    15 - 3.3.4 Parameters
    16 - 3.4 UNDERGROUND SURVEYS
    16 - 3.4.1 In-seam seismic surveys
    16 - 3.4.2 Radio-imaging method
    17 - SECTION 4 DRILLING
    17 - 4.1 GENERAL
    17 - 4.2 THE DRILL RIG
    17 - 4.2.1 General
    17 - 4.2.2 Diamond drill
    17 - 4.2.3 Rotary rig
    17 - 4.2.4 Top-drive hydraulic rig
    17 - 4.3 NON-CORE DRILLING
    17 - 4.3.1 Soft superficial formations
    17 - 4.3.2 Hard formations
    18 - 4.3.3 Air circulation
    18 - 4.3.4 Water circulation
    18 - 4.4 CORE DRILLING
    18 - 4.4.1 Borehole size
    18 - 4.4.2 Barrels
    19 - 4.4.3 Rods
    19 - 4.4.4 Bits
    19 - 4.4.5 Orientated core
    19 - 4.5 DRILLING FLUIDS AND ADDITIVES
    20 - 4.6 CASING AND COMPLETION OF HOLES
    20 - 4.7 DIFFICULT DRILLING
    20 - 4.8 SURVEY OF THE HOLE
    21 - SECTION 5 DRILLING SITE FUNCTIONS
    21 - 5.1 GENERAL
    21 - 5.2 DRILLING THE HOLE
    22 - 5.3 LOGGING, FIELD TESTING AND REMOVAL OF CORE
    22 - 5.3.1 General
    22 - 5.3.2 Core logging
    23 - 5.3.3 Field tests
    24 - 5.3.4 Core removal
    24 - 5.4 DOWN-HOLE GEOPHYSICAL WIRELINE LOGGING
    24 - 5.4.1 General
    27 - 5.4.2 Types of geophysical logs
    27 - 5.4.3 Nuclear logging
    29 - 5.4.4 Electric logging
    29 - 5.4.5 Direct physical reading techniques
    30 - 5.5 GAS EMISSION TESTING
    30 - 5.5.1 Pressure testing
    30 - 5.5.2 Seam gas analysis
    31 - 5.6 DATA RECORDING
    31 - 5.7 HANDLINGTHE CORE
    31 - 5.7.1 General
    31 - 5.7.2 Field subdivision
    31 - 5.7.3 Packaging for laboratory subdivision
    31 - 5.7.4 Packaging of non-coal core
    32 - SECTION 6 LABORATORY TESTING AND ANALYSIS
    32 - 6.1 NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTS
    32 - 6.1.1 General
    32 - 6.1.2 X-ray radiography
    33 - 6.1.3 Relative density of lump sample
    33 - 6.1.4 Lithotype logging
    34 - 6.1.5 Gamma-ray attenuation tests
    34 - 6.1.6 Portable XRF analysis
    34 - 6.1.7 Colour photography
    34 - 6.2 SUBDIVISION
    34 - 6.2.1 General
    38 - 6.2.2 Subdivision on a ply-by-ply basis
    38 - 6.2.3 Subdivision on a probable working section basis
    40 - 6.3 PARTIALLY DESTRUCTIVE TESTS
    40 - 6.3.1 General
    40 - 6.3.2 Petrographic analysis of rock thin sections
    40 - 6.3.3 Mechanical tests
    41 - 6.4 PRETREATMENT OF COAL CORE
    41 - 6.4.1 Introduction
    41 - 6.4.2 When pretreatment is unnecessary
    41 - 6.4.3 When pretreatment is required
    42 - 6.4.4 Pretreatment Step 1-Breakage of core to plant feed sizing
    43 - 6.4.5 Pretreatment Step 2-The drum tumbler method for achieving preparation plant sizing
    45 - 6.4.6 Shale breakdown assessment
    45 - 6.5 SEPARATION TESTS
    45 - 6.5.1 General
    46 - 6.5.2 Float and sink testing
    47 - 6.5.3 Froth flotation testing
    49 - 6.6 PREPARATION AND STORAGE OF ANALYSIS SAMPLES
    49 - 6.6.1 General
    49 - 6.6.2 Sample preparation
    50 - 6.6.3 Sample storage
    50 - 6.7 ANALYSIS
    50 - 6.7.1 General
    50 - 6.7.2 Chemical properties
    53 - 6.7.3 Physical properties
    55 - 6.7.4 Storage and handling properties
    57 - 6.7.5 Properties of the inorganic material
    58 - 6.7.6 Swelling, caking and plastometric properties
    60 - 6.7.7 Petrographic properties
    61 - 6.7.8 Conversion properties
    62 - 6.7.9 The effects of some coal properties on the utilization of coal
    63 - 6.8 SMALL-SCALE OR PILOT-SCALE COKE OVEN TESTS
    63 - 6.8.1 General
    64 - 6.8.2 Coke oven tests
    64 - 6.8.3 Coke tests
    65 - 6.9 SMALL-SCALE AND PILOT-SCALE COMBUSTION TESTS
    65 - 6.9.1 General
    65 - 6.9.2 Small-scale simulation tests
    70 - 6.9.3 Pilot-scale testing
    71 - SECTION 7 RECOMMENDED LABORATORY TEST PROGRAMS
    71 - 7.1 GENERAL
    74 - 7.2 PLY-BY-PLY ANALYSIS
    74 - 7.2.1 General
    74 - 7.2.2 Without float and sink testing
    76 - 7.2.3 Float and sink testing of all coal plies
    78 - 7.2.4 Float and sink testing on the working section only
    80 - 7.3 WORKING SECTION ANALYSIS
    80 - 7.3.1 General
    80 - 7.3.2 Without float and sink testing
    81 - 7.3.3 With float and sink testing
    83 - 7.3.4 Pretreatment followed by float and sink testing
    87 - 7.4 CHIP SAMPLES
    87 - 7.4.1 General
    87 - 7.4.2 Oxidation tests
    87 - 7. 5 CHECK FOR INTERNAL CONSISTENCY
    87 - 7.5.1 General
    88 - 7.5.2 Procedure 1
    88 - 7.5.3 Procedure 2
    91 - SECTION 8 PRESENTATION OF RESULTS
    91 - 8.1 GENERAL
    91 - 8.2 GEOLOGICAL DATA
    94 - 8.3 COAL QUALITY DATA
    94 - 8.4 CLASSIFICATION OF HIGHER RANK COALS
    94 - 8.4.1 General
    94 - 8.4.2 Coding
    95 - 8.4.3 Other systems
    104 - APPENDIX A - REFERENCED AND RELATED DOCUMENTS
    104 - A1 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
    106 - A2 RELATED DOCUMENTS
    114 - APPENDIX B - AUSTRALIAN CODE FOR REPORTING IDENTIFIED COAL RESOURCES AND RESERVES
    118 - APPENDIX C - DRILLING CONTRACT
    118 - C1 GENERAL

    Abstract - (Show below) - (Hide below)

    Sets out recommended practices for the technical evaluation of a higher rank coal deposit, principally using borehole techniques.

    Scope - (Show below) - (Hide below)

    This Standard sets out recommended practices for the technical evaluation of a higher rank coal deposit, principally using borehole techniques. It defines the various stages that comprise an exploration project, describes drilling equipment and methods, and makes specific recommendations concerning procedures that should be adopted in the logging, testing and analysis of a bore core. This Standard recommends procedures for the technical evaluation of a coal deposit within the context of the entire exploration program. It provides a reference framework that will promote-(a) greater appreciation, within an exploration team, of the individual needs of its members; and(b) a uniformity of approach, from team to team, to the technology of coal exploration.A bibliography of reference texts appropriate to the various clauses of the Standard is given in Appendix A.

    General Product Information - (Show below) - (Hide below)

    Committee MN/1
    Document Type Standard
    Product Note Reconfirmation Notice 21-08-2013
    Publisher Standards Australia
    Status Current
    Supersedes

    History - (Show below) - (Hide below)

    First published as AS CK14-1967.Revised and redesignated AS 2519-1982.AS CK14 withdrawn 1983.Second edition AS 2519-1993.Reconfirmed 2013. AS CK14 first published 1967. AS 2519 first published 1982. AS CK14 withdrawn 1983. Second edition AS 2519-1993.

    Standards Referenced By This Book - (Show below) - (Hide below)

    16/30340781 DC : 0 BS ISO 14180 - SOLID MINERAL FUELS - GUIDANCE ON THE SAMPLING OF COAL SEAMS
    AS 1038.9.1-2000 Coal and coke - Analysis and testing Higher rank coal and coke - Phosphorus - Ash digestion/molybdenum blue method (Reconfirmed 2013)
    AS 1038.6.3.3-1997 Coal and coke - Analysis and testing Higher rank coal - Ultimate analysis - Total sulfur - Infrared method (Reconfirmed 2013)
    AS 2579.1-1983 Hard coal - Froth flotation testing - Laboratory procedure
    AS 1038.9.2-2000 Coal and coke - Analysis and testing Higher rank coal - Phosphorus - Coal extraction/ phosphomolybdovanadate method
    AS 1038.20-2002 Coal and coke - Analysis and testing Higher rank coal - Hardgrove grindability index
    AS 1038.9.3-2000 Coal and coke - Analysis and testing Coal and coke - Phosphorus - Ash digestion/phosphomolybdovanadate method
    AS 1038.15-1995 Coal and coke - Analysis and testing Higher rank coal ash and coke ash - Ash fusibility
    AS 2916-2007 Symbols for graphic representation of coal seams and associated strata
    AS 1038.5.1-1988 Coal and coke - Analysis and testing Gross specific energy of coal and coke - Adiabatic calorimeters
    AS 1038.10.4-2001 Coal and coke - Analysis and testing Determination of trace elements - Coal, coke and fly-ash - Determination of fluorine content - Pyrohydrolysis method (Reconfirmed 2013)
    AS 1038.6.3.2-2003 Coal and coke - Analysis and testing Higher rank coal and coke - Ultimate analysis - Total sulfur - High-temperature combustion method (Reconfirmed 2013)
    ISO 14180:2017 Solid mineral fuels — Guidance on the sampling of coal seams
    AS 1661-1979 Method for float and sink testing of hard coal and presentation of results
    AS 1038.20-1992 Coal and coke - Analysis and testing Higher rank coal - Hardgrove grindability index
    AS 1038.6.2-1997 Coal and coke - Analysis and testing Higher rank coal and coke - Ultimate analysis - Nitrogen
    AS 1038.14.2-1995 Coal and coke - Analysis and testing Higher rank coal ash and coke ash - Major and minor elements - Acid digestion/flame atomic absorption spectrometric method
    AS 2096-1987 Classification and coding systems for Australian coals (Reconfirmed 2013)
    AS 1038.10.4-1989 Coal and coke - Analysis and testing Determination of trace elements - Coal, coke and fly-ash - Determination of fluorine content - Pyrohydrolysis method
    AS 2856-1986 Coal - Maceral analysis
    AS 1038.12.3-2002 Coal and coke - Analysis and testing Higher rank coal - Caking and coking properties - Dilatation
    AS 2061-1989 Preparation of coal samples for incident light microscopy
    JIS K 2151:2004 Coke - Testing methods
    AS 1038.16-1996 Coal and coke - Analysis and testing - Assessment and reporting of results
    AS 1038.12.1-2002 Coal and coke - Analysis and testing Higher rank coal - Caking and coking properties - Crucible swelling number
    AS 1038.6.3.2-1997 Coal and coke - Analysis and testing Higher rank coal and coke - Ultimate analysis - Total sulfur - High-temperature combustion method
    AS 1038.22-1992 Coal and coke - Analysis and testing Higher rank coal - Mineral matter and water of constitution
    AS 1038.17-2000 Coal and coke - Analysis and testing Higher rank coal - Moisture-holding capacity (equilibrium moisture)
    AS 1038.8.1-1999 Coal and coke - Analysis and testing Coal and coke - Chlorine - Eschka method
    AS 1038.14.1-1995 Coal and coke - Analysis and testing Higher rank coal ash and coke ash - Major and minor elements - Borate fusion/flame atomic absorption spectrometric method
    AS 1038.3-2000 Coal and coke - Analysis and testing - Proximate analysis of higher rank coal
    AS 1038.13-1990 Methods for the analysis and testing of coal and coke Tests specific to coke
    AS 2486-1989 Methods for microscopical determination of the reflectance of coal macerals
    AS 1038.17-1989 Coal and coke - Analysis and testing Determination of moisture-holding capacity (equilibrium moisture) of higher rank coal
    AS 2646.1-1984 Sampling of solid mineral fuels Guide to the use of Parts 2 to 8
    AS 1038.10.3-1998 Coal and coke - Analysis and testing Determination of trace elements - Coal and coke - Determination of boron content - ICP-AES method (Reconfirmed 2013)
    AS 1038.12.3-1993 Coal and coke - Analysis and testing Higher rank coal - Caking and coking properties - Dilatation
    AS 1038.12.1-1993 Coal and coke - Analysis and testing Higher rank coal - Caking and coking properties - Crucible swelling number
    AS 1038.14.2-2003 Coal and coke - Analysis and testing Higher rank coal ash and coke ash - Major and minor elements - Acid digestion/flame atomic absorption spectrometric method
    AS 2267-1997 Guide to the conduct of pilot coke oven tests (Reconfirmed 2013)
    AS 1038.23-2002 Coal and coke - Analysis and testing Higher rank coal and coke - Carbonate carbon
    AS 1038.11-2002 Coal and coke - Analysis and testing Coal - Forms of sulfur (Reconfirmed 2013)
    AS 2916-1986 Symbols for graphical representation of coal seams and associated strata
    AS 3880-1991 Bin flow properties of coal
    AS 1038.12.2-1999 Coal and coke - Analysis and testing Higher rank coal - Caking and coking properties - Determination of Gray-King coke type (Reconfirmed 2013)
    AS 1038.9.1-1992 Coal and coke - Analysis and testing Coal and coke - Phosphorus - Ash digestion/molybdenum blue method
    AS 2418-1995 Coal and coke - Glossary of terms (Reconfirmed 2013)
    AS 1038.10.1-1986 Coal and coke - Analysis and testing Determination of trace elements - Determination of eleven trace elements in coal, coke and fly-ash - Flame atomic absorption spectrometric method
    AS 3881-2002 Higher rank coal - Size analysis
    AS 1038.9.3-1991 Coal and coke - Analysis and testing Coal and coke - Phosphorus - Ash digestion method
    AS 1038.23-1994 Coal and coke - Analysis and testing Higher rank coal - Carbonate carbon
    AS 1038.21.2-1992 Coal and coke - Analysis and testing Higher rank coal and coke - Relative density - Lump sample
    AS 1038.14.1-2003 Coal and coke - Analysis and testing Higher rank coal ash and coke ash - Major and minor elements - Borate fusion/flame atomic absorption spectrometric method (Reconfirmed 2013)
    AS 1038.10.1-2003 Coal and coke - Analysis and testing Determination of trace elements - Coal, coke and fly-ash - Determination of eleven trace elements - Flame atomic absorption spectrometric method (Reconfirmed 2013)
    AS 1038.5.2-1989 Coal and coke - Analysis and testing Gross specific energy of coal and coke - Automatic isothermal-type calorimeters
    AS 1038.16-2005 Coal and coke - Analysis and testing Assessment and reporting of results (Reconfirmed 2016)
    AS 3881-1991 Higher rank coal - Size analysis
    AS 1038.6.2-2007 Coal and coke - Analysis and testing Higher rank coal and coke - Ultimate analysis - Nitrogen (Reconfirmed 2017)
    AS 3980-1999 Guide to the determination of gas content of coal - Direct desorption method
    AS 2137-1981 Hard coal - Determination of plastic properties by the Gieseler plastometer
    AS 1038.9.2-1992 Coal and coke - Analysis and testing Higher rank coal - Phosphorus - Coal extraction method
    AS 1038.22-2000 Coal and coke - Analysis and testing Higher rank coal - Mineral matter and water of constitution
    AS 1038.6.1-1997 Coal and coke - Analysis and testing Higher rank coal and coke - Ultimate analysis - Carbon and hydrogen (Reconfirmed 2013)
    AS 1038.3-1989 Coal and coke - Analysis and testing - Proximate analysis of higher rank coal
    AS 1038.19-1989 Coal and coke - Analysis and testing - Determination of the abrasion index of higher rank coal
    AS 1038.11-1993 Coal and coke - Analysis and testing Coal - Forms of sulfur
    AS 1038.6.3.1-1997 Coal and coke - Analysis and testing Higher rank coal and coke - Ultimate analysis - Total sulfur - Eschka method (Reconfirmed 2013)
    AS 1038.19-2000 Coal and coke - Analysis and testing Higher rank coal - Abrasion index
    BS ISO 14180:2017 Solid mineral fuels. Guidance on the sampling of coal seams

    Standards Referencing This Book - (Show below) - (Hide below)

    AS 2617-1996 Sampling from coal seams
    AS 2418-1995 Coal and coke - Glossary of terms (Reconfirmed 2013)
    AS 4156.1-1994 Coal preparation Higher rank coal - Float and sink testing (Reconfirmed 2013)
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