1 - AS 3958.1-1991 CERAMIC TILES - GUIDE TO THE INSTALLATION OF CERAMIC TILES
4 - PREFACE
5 - CONTENTS
6 - SECTION 1 SCOPE AND GENERAL
6 - 1.1 SCOPE
6 - 1.2 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
7 - 1.3 DEFINITIONS
7 - 1.3.1 Adhesive
7 - 1.3.2 Background
7 - 1.3.3 Base
7 - 1.3.4 Bedded finish
7 - 1.3.5 Bedding
7 - 1.3.6 Bonding agent (bond coat)
7 - 1.3.7 Butter
7 - 1.3.8 Creep
7 - 1.3.9 Dip fixing
7 - 1.3.10 Direct bedding
7 - 1.3.11 Dry fixing
7 - 1.3.12 Drying time
7 - 1.3.13 Expanded metal
7 - 1.3.14 Float coat
7 - 1.3.15 Frost-free area
7 - 1.3.16 Grouting/grout
8 - 1.3.17 Joint
8 - 1.3.18 Modified mortar
8 - 1.3.19 Moisture membrane
8 - 1.3.20 Movement accommodation factor (MAF)
8 - 1.3.21 Movement joint
8 - 1.3.22 Performance levels
8 - 1.3.23 Primer
8 - 1.3.24 Scratch coat
8 - 1.3.25 Screed
8 - 1.3.26 Screeding
8 - 1.3.27 Sealant
8 - 1.3.28 Separating layer
8 - 1.3.29 Slurry coat
8 - 1.3.30 Spacer lugs
8 - 1.3.31 Substrates
8 - 1.3.32 Underlays
8 - 1.3.33 Universal tiles
8 - 1.3.34 Water proof membrane
8 - 1.3.35 Wet area
9 - 1.4 SYNONYMS
10 - SECTION 2 MATERIALS
10 - 2.1 SCOPE OF SECTION
10 - 2.2 CERAMIC AND MOSAIC TILES
10 - 2.2.1 General
10 - 2.2.2 Mosaic tiles
10 - 2.3 PRIMERS
10 - 2.4 ADHESIVES
10 - 2.5 GROUTING MATERIALS
10 - 2.5.1 General
10 - 2.5.2 Cement-based grout
11 - 2.5.3 Proprietary cement-based grout
11 - 2.6 BACKGROUND MATERIALS
11 - 2.6.1 Plywood
11 - 2.6.2 Structural particle board flooring
11 - 2.6.3 Fibre-cement sheet
11 - 2.6.4 Compressed fibre-cement sheets
11 - 2.6.5 Gypsum-plaster board sheets
11 - 2.6.6 Furring and studs
11 - 2.7 MOVEMENT JOINT MATERIALS
11 - 2.7.1 General
11 - 2.7.2 Prefabricated movement joints
11 - 2.7.3 Back-up materials
11 - 2.7.4 Pre-formed strips
11 - 2.7.5 Sealants
12 - 2.8 BONDING AGENTS
12 - 2.9 CEMENT, SAND AND LIME
12 - 2.9.1 Cement
12 - 2.9.2 Sand
12 - 2.9.3 Lime
12 - 2.10 WATER
12 - 2.11 SEPARATING LAYER FOR FLOORS
12 - 2.12 UNDERLAYS
12 - 2.13 REINFORCEMENT
12 - 2.14 STORAGE
12 - 2.14.1 Tiles
12 - 2.14.2 Cement
12 - 2.14.3 Lime
13 - 2.14.4 Sand
13 - 2.14.5 Adhesives and jointing materials
13 - 2.14.6 Temperature extremes
13 - 2.15 MIXING OF MATERIALS
13 - 2.15.1 General
13 - 2.15.2 Mixing by mechanical means
13 - 2.15.3 Mixing by hand
14 - SECTION 3 TILING SYSTEMS
14 - 3.1 SCOPE OF SECTION
14 - 3.2 FLOOR TILING INSTALLATION GUIDE
15 - 3.3 FLOORS
15 - 3.3.1 Exterior floors, general applications
17 - 3.3.2 Exterior floors, decks and roofs
20 - 3.3.3 Interior floors, concrete subfloors
24 - 3.3.4 Interior floors, framed subfloors
29 - 3.4 WALL TILING INSTALLATION GUIDE
30 - 3.5 WALLS
30 - 3.5.1 Exterior walls, masonry, concrete, framed construction
33 - 3.5.2 Dry interior walls, masonry, concrete
35 - 3.5.3 Dry interior walls, framed construction
37 - 3.5.4 Wet area interior walls, masonry, concrete
40 - 3.5.5 Wet area interior walls, framed construction
42 - SECTION 4 PREPARATION OF BACKGROUNDS FOR TILING
42 - 4.1 SCOPE OF SECTION
42 - 4.2 GENERAL
42 - 4.2.1 Wet areas
42 - 4.2.2 Screeds
42 - 4.2.3 Separating layer
42 - 4.2.4 Liquid and flexible in situ underlays
42 - 4.2.5 Rigid underlays
42 - 4.3 CONCRETE FLOORS
42 - 4.3.1 General
42 - 4.3.2 New concrete floors
43 - 4.3.3 Existing concrete floors
43 - 4.3.4 Concrete floors with existing finish
43 - 4.4 FRAMED FLOORS
43 - 4.4.1 General
43 - 4.4.2 Ventilation of subfloor spaces
43 - 4.4.3 Construction of joist-supported floors
43 - 4.4.4 Preparation for tiling over timber floors
44 - 4.4.5 Preparation for tiling on compressed fibre-cement sheets
44 - 4.5 CONCRETE/MASONRY WALLS
44 - 4.5.1 General
44 - 4.5.2 New concrete walls
44 - 4.5.3 Existing concrete/masonry walls
45 - 4.6 FRAMED WALLS
45 - 4.6.1 General
45 - 4.6.2 Fixing of plywood substrates
45 - 4.6.3 Fixing of fibre-cement sheets
45 - 4.6.4 Fixing of compressed fibre-cement sheets
45 - 4.6.5 Fixing of gypsum-plasterboard sheets
47 - SECTION 5 INSTALLATION OF CERAMIC TILES
47 - 5.1 SCOPE OF SECTION
47 - 5.2 PRELIMINARY CONSIDERATIONS
47 - 5.2.1 General
47 - 5.2.2 Compatibility of backgrounds and bedding systems
47 - 5.2.3 Delivery, storage and handling of materials at the project site
47 - 5.2.4 Site protection
47 - 5.3 MATERIALS
47 - 5.4 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR INSTALLATION OF TILES
47 - 5.4.1 General
48 - 5.4.2 Setting out
48 - 5.4.3 Fitting
48 - 5.4.4 Lighting
48 - 5.4.5 Movement joints
55 - 5.4.6 Tile finish and joints
55 - 5.4.7 Bonding
55 - 5.4.8 Grouting
55 - 5.5 INSTALLATION OF CERAMIC TILES WITH CEMENT MORTAR
55 - 5.5.1 General
55 - 5.5.2 Backgrounds
56 - 5.5.3 Preparation of tile
56 - 5.5.4 Mortar mixes
56 - 5.5.5 Fixing to floors
57 - 5.5.6 Fixing to walls
57 - 5.6 INSTALLATION OF CERAMIC TILES WITH ADHESIVE
57 - 5.6.1 General
57 - 5.6.2 Thin-bed fixing
58 - 5.6.3 Thick-bed
58 - 5.6.4 Adhesive coverage
60 - 5.6.5 Cement-based adhesives
60 - 5.6.6 Water-resistant organic adhesives
61 - 5.6.7 Other adhesives
61 - 5.7 GROUTING
61 - 5.7.1 General
62 - 5.7.2 Mosaic tiles
62 - 5.7.3 Curing
62 - 5.8 CLEANING TILES
63 - APPENDIX A - SCREEDS
63 - A1 METHODS OF SCREED CONSTRUCTION
63 - A2 CEMENT AND SAND OR FINE CONCRETE SCREEDS
63 - A2.1 General
63 - A2.2 Bonding
63 - A2.3 Thickness
63 - A2.4 Framed construction
63 - A2.5 Pipes and trunking
63 - A3 BAY SIZES
63 - A4 USE OF BONDING AGENTS
64 - A5 SOUNDNESS OF BONDED AND UNBONDED SCREEDS
64 - A6 TOLERANCES ON LEVEL AND SURFACE FINISH OF SCREEDS AND CONCRETE BASES
64 - A6.1 General
64 - A6.2 Surface finish
64 - A6.3 Departure from datum
64 - A7 SUSCEPTIBILITY TO CRACKING OF SCREEDS
64 - A8 ELIMINATING CONSTRUCTION MOISTURE
65 - A9 ADMIXTURES
66 - APPENDIX B - SAND/CEMENT RENDERING
66 - B1 GENERAL
66 - B2 BACKGROUND PREPARATION
66 - B2.1 General
66 - B2.2 Dense, strong and smooth materials
66 - B2.3 Moderately strong and porous materials
67 - B2.4 Moderately weak and porous materials
67 - B2.5 No-fines concrete
67 - B2.6 Lathing and netting
67 - B2.7 Other backgrounds
67 - B3 APPLICATION OF RENDER
67 - B3.1 General
67 - B3.2 Rendering using anchored reinforcement
68 - B3.3 Relationship between component materials
68 - B4 RENDERING MIXES
68 - B4.1 General
68 - B4.2 Dense, strong and smooth or moderately strong and porous backgrounds
68 - B4.3 Moderately weak and porous backgrounds
68 - B4.4 Mixed backgrounds
68 - B4.5 Backgrounds subject to dampness
69 - B5 THICKNESS AND TRUENESS OF RENDERING
70 - APPENDIX C - CLEANING AND MAINTENANCE
70 - C1 GENERAL
70 - C2 EFFLORESCENCE
70 - C3 RESIDUAL CEMENT FILM
70 - C4 SURFACE SEALING MATERIALS
70 - C5 CLEANING AGENTS
71 - INDEX